š š°šµ #36: A 'bestseller' from North Korea
A state-sanctioned novel by Paek Nam-nyong
Welcome to Bookmarked, a weekly newsletter following my journey as I read one book from every country. If you like the sound of my project, Iād love it if you shared Bookmarked with a friend.
Friend by Paek Nam-nyong is one of just a few North Korean novels to have reached an English readership. Over the years, a handful of memoirs by North Korean dissidents and defectors have been published but, unlike Friend, none of these books have ever been published within North Korea. As translator Immanuel Kim puts it in the bookās afterword, āFriend is unique in the Anglophone publishing landscape in that it is a state-sanctioned novel, written in Korea for North Koreans, by an author in good standing with the regime.ā
Paek is one of North Koreaās most renowned writers. A former member of the Writers Union in Pyongyang, he was later promoted to the April 15th Literary Production Unit, an elite group of writers whose primary task is to write historical novels based on the lives and accomplishments of Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il. Outside of this series, Paek writes fiction, including Friend, which was published in North Korea in 1988.
The book centres around a small-town judge called Jeong Jin-wu who specialises in divorce proceedings and grows especially interested in the case of one particular young couple: Chae Sun-hee, a well-known singer for the Provincial Performing Arts Company, and her husband Lee Seok-chun, a steel factory worker who Chae has grown to find boring and unambitious. When Chae asks for a divorce, Jeong takes it upon himself to learn everything there is to know about the couple: how they met; when things started to go wrong; how their seven-year-old son feelsāhe even finds out what the coupleās colleagues have to say on the matter.
As his research into the coupleās private life intensifies, Jeong reflects on his own marriage to Eun-ok, an agricultural scientist who spends a lot of time away from home. Like Chae, Eun-ok is ambitious and committed to her career. Like Lee, taking on household chores while his wife pursues her career is something that Jeong both admires and resents, despite knowing that he shouldnāt.
The themes Friend deals withālove, marriage, female ambitionāare undoubtedly interesting, but I couldnāt help but feel the book is lacking at the plot level. The book essentially comprises one main plot with exactly two subplots, all of which neatly resolve by the endāa bit like a rom com (the book was, in fact, adapted for a TV drama in North Korea). And though Paekās characters are by no means perfect, theyāre almost superhumanly reasonable: as soon as they have their flaws pointed out to them, they apologise, sincerely, and change their behaviour accordingly.
At one point, a character called Chae Rim is found guilty of embezzlement:
The director of the City Electricity Distribution Company has designed an electric blanket for personal use and has been using it without permission from the government. This was considered a felony, as the entire country was trying to conserve energy. He was not an ordinary citizen but the director of the very institution whose priority was the conservation of energy. For this reason, he was going to receive a severe sentence. It was not simply a crime of wasting energy, but a crime of selfishness and greed. Electricity was more precious than money or any other commodity because it was the property of the nation.
And just a few pages later:
Chae Rim sat still like frost-covered grass when he realised that he would be severely punished and have to answer to Party leaders. He sighed with regret. He dared not contest the judgeās criticisms; there was nothing for him to contest. He was fortunate not to be in prison for his crime.
Written in the third person omniscient, Friend is a stylistically unusual book. Paek frequently delves into the interiority of two or three characters within the space of a single page and the book often dives into lengthy flashbacks. At one point the Jeongās senior thesis, āA Legal Study of Divorce in Human Historyā is quoted in full. In other words, I wouldnāt call Friend a page-turner.
Though this book contains moments of clear propagandaāmarriage is described as āa component of society,ā weāre told that āthe familyās fate as a unit of society is intimately connected with the greater family of said society,ā and at one point Jeong feels angry that some citizens donātĀ ārespect the countryās efforts to advance technologically and improve the economyāāit does provide some insight into the lives of ordinary people in a society that is otherwise closed off to the rest of the world. And if literature is supposed to teach you something new, it certainly does that.
Friend by Paek Nam-nyong, translated by Immanuel Kim (Columbia University Press, 2020 / 1988)
More books by North Korean authors
If youāre interested in more fiction published within North Korea, Immanuel Kim suggests Literature from the "Axis of Evil": Writing from Iran, Iraq, North Korea, and Other Enemy Nations (eds. A. Mason, D. Felman, and S. Schnee), a short story collection with a few entries by North Koreans. āIt's not a great sampling of NK literature,ā Kim told me, ābut it is the only other stories available in English.ā
However, a handful of memoirs by North Korean dissidents and defectors are available in English. Hereās a list of those that were recommended to me:
The Accusation by Bandi, tr. Deborah Smith
The Aquariums of Pyongyang by Kang Chol-hwan and Pierre RigoulotĀ
The Girl With Seven Names by Lee Hyeon-seo with David John
A River in Darkness by Masaji Ishikawa, tr. Risa Kobayashi and Martin Brown
Stars Between the Sun and Moon by Lucia Jang and Susan McClelland
Dear Leader: Poet, Spy, Escapee by Jang Jin-Sung, tr. Shirley Lee
A Thousand Miles to Freedom by Eunsun Kim with SĆ©bastien Falletti. tr. David Tian
Under the Same Sky by Joseph Kim with Stephan Talty
Every Falling Star by Sungju Lee and Susan McClelland
In Order to Live by Park Yeon-mi with Maryanne Vollers
Long Road Home by Kim Yong with Kim Suk-Young
What have you read recently?
If youāve read a brilliant book in translation or youād like to pass on a recommendation, Iād love to hear about it! For this project, Iām focussing on contemporary fiction and short stories, with a preference for female authorsābut Iām always happy to venture further afield for a good recommendation.
You can get in touch by replying to this email or leaving a comment. Iāll be featuring your recommendations in upcoming newsletters, and Iāll keep a growing listĀ here.
Bookmarked is written by Tabatha Leggett. Thank you toĀ Immanuel Kim for his help with this issue. If you know someone who would enjoy this newsletter, please forward it to them!
Sounds like an utterly bizarre read. Thanks for telling us about it, Tabatha.